A key mechanism of action is the delay in gastric emptyingthe rate at which food leaves the stomach
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232 Rieger et al
Haque et al found Cd-toxicity triggers plant growth retardation, chlorosis, low photosynthesis performance, and low Fe, S, and Zn concentrations in sugar beets, which were related to decline FCR activity and BvIRT1 gene expression, suggesting the negative effect of Cd-toxicity on Fe acquisition process in sugar beet [7]
Other potential side effects include injection site reactions (redness, itching, swelling), headache , and fatigue
Mechanistically, GLP-1s are thought to cross the blood-brain barrier and act directly on the brain, potentially reducing neuroinflammation, improving insulin signaling, and altering amyloid and tau pathology